Mobile System Design

By the author of the Mobile System Design and Swift in Depth books

Mobile System Design Interview Guide

What to Expect and How to Prepare

This is a practical reference for preparing mobile-focused system design interviews, including what to expect, what to practice, and how to stand out.

Unlike traditional system design interviews that focus heavily on backend infrastructure, mobile interviews test how you approach architectures, modularization, and real-world mobile challenges — like turning designs into features, syncing offline data, and handling locally stored data.

Whether you're targeting a senior role or your first mobile interview, this page walks you through:

  • A typical interview structure
  • What interviewers are really looking for
  • Tips to think clearly under pressure
  • Free and paid resources and real examples to help you prep smarter

Read on or go straight to the resources to prepare.


The best interviews feel like collaborative problem-solving, or pair programming. Except you lead the design; the interviewer adds constraints and curveballs — just like real life.
Tjeerd in 't Veen
— Tjeerd in ’t Veen
Author of Mobile System Design
Former Staff Engineer at Twitter, Mobile Tech Lead at ING

Interview Process Walkthrough

Intro & Setup (5–10 minutes)

The start of the interview is light, you'll have a short introduction, and will soon move on to the interview phase.

But don’t waste time.

  • Keep it brief: Maximize time for the actual design session.
  • Remote interview? Double-check mic and camera beforehand. You have limited time, so don't spend it on fixing your bluetooth headphones.

Designing a System (30–40 minutes)

You’ll be presented with a feature or system to design. It's intentionally vague. They’re testing how you clarify, architect, and communicate, not how much you’ve memorized.

What to Expect

You’ll likely face a prompt like:

These often sound deceivingly simple, but they touch on deep topics:

What Interviewers Want to See

  • Clarify ambiguity: Ask smart questions to uncover missing requirements.
  • Explore edge cases: Think through what can go wrong.
  • Talk through tradeoffs: Say "We could do X, but then..."
  • Use diagrams: Visualize modules, flows, and data structures.
  • Think ahead: Will this scale? How will it evolve?
  • Consider failure: Handle crashes, network loss, or offline mode.
  • Communicate out loud: Let them follow your reasoning step by step.
  • Stay calm: It’s okay to change your mind mid-answer.

What you'll use

When doing this remotely, it's likely you'll use a browser-based editor, such as CodeSignal or HackerRank.

In person you will likely use your own laptop, a company's laptop, or a company's whiteboard.

How to come up with a design

You will draw either diagrams, or write (pseudo)code to show which components you need to make a full system to solve the requirements.

Usually you'll use a combination of text, code, and diagrams to explain your thought process.

  • Practice from scratch: Rehearse getting a prototype up and running from scratch. Make sure it's in your muscle memory, so you're fast.
  • Practice outside of your IDE: You won't always have access to useful imports and dependencies or even your own code editor. Be comfortable designing code (even if it doesn't compile), without relying on your IDE. Practice using a basic text editor. Then you won't have autocomplete and useful imports to help. Become comfortable with that.
Need help sketching or structuring your design? The Quick Reference Cheat Sheet (included with the book) teaches you how to draw diagrams, find missing requirements, and contains printable checklists.

💡 Tip: You don't need to deliver a perfect program. Remember: You are designing a system, not delivering one! You might leave things unfinished or flawed, and that is completely okay. The goal is to share your thought process and ability to turn vague requirements into a strong design.
Tjeerd in 't Veen
— Tjeerd in ’t Veen
Author of Mobile System Design
Former Staff Engineer at Twitter, Mobile Tech Lead at ING

New Requirements (10 - 15 minutes)

Once you present your initial design, there is a big chance the interview will ramp up in difficulty. Interviewers will often throw in follow-up requirements, just like in real life, where specs evolve and teams adapt.

These twists test how well you:

Common Examples

  • Offline support: What happens when the app has no internet connection? Should data be stored locally? How often should it refresh? Should you fetch deltas (only the changes since the last sync) or full datasets? And how do you handle failed syncs or retries?
  • Scaling up: What if this component should support not only this feature, but all features in an app? This often leads to modularization, shared libraries, or even cross-team boundaries.
  • Authentication changes: The first version supports email + password, but now the team wants to add Google and Apple sign-in — or switch to passkeys. How does your current flow adapt? Do you need a new auth layer, or can you extend what you have?
  • Multi-platform: How would you make this system work across platforms, such as phones, watches, and tablets?
  • Analytics requirements: Suddenly, you need to track every change a user makes, or log how features are used for analytics. How do you layer that in without rewriting everything?
  • Feature toggles and experimentation: The team wants to A/B test this flow, or roll it out gradually. How do you build in toggle logic? Can your current architecture support variation without branching into chaos?
  • Account switching: The first version assumes a single logged-in user. Now the app needs to support multiple accounts, such as switching between multiple family members. How do you separate local data, tokens, and cached state per account? What happens on logout or switch? Can you preserve context without leaking data? What needs to be scoped or reset?

What Interviewers Are Evaluating

  • Adaptability: Can you evolve your design when requirements change midway?
  • Tradeoff thinking: Do you recognize and articulate the pros and cons of your decisions? (e.g. performance vs. reliability)
  • Big-picture awareness: Are you thinking like someone who can handle larger-scale, production-ready apps?
  • Communication under pressure: Are you able to explain your thinking clearly and calmly as the scope increases?
  • Pragmatism: Can you make reasonable decisions based on incomplete information, like in real-world engineering?

Common Pitfalls


Resources

Below you'l find useful articles, videos, and book excerpts to help you prep quickly and think clearly during interviews.

Quick Reference Cheat Sheet

👉 The fastest and most comprehensive way to prepare is by reading the Quick Reference Cheat Sheet — a paid printable included in the Mobile System Design book bundle. It contains printable checklists, API design, and diagram walkthroughs, included in the book package.

Short Reads & Articles

Quick, practical reads to sharpen your system design thinking.

From the Book

Practical lessons and real chapters from the Mobile System Design book.

For the full strategy, start with the first eight chapters. You’ll learn how to shape vague requirements into strong architectures, implement scalable patterns, learn testing strategies, and how to handle Dependency Injection at scale — no third-party frameworks required.

Youtube

Prefer watching over reading? These quick videos explore practical ways to think through system design prompts.


Want to Feel More Confident?

The full book package includes a printable Quick Reference Cheat Sheet, real-world prompts, mobile-focused diagrams, and practical strategies to help you prep faster and answer with clarity.

It has helped me crack some of the most difficult System Design interviews.

It's even helping in my current role where I'm heading the mobile division.

— @_thatabishek

Prep Faster with the Quick Reference →

Includes all material. Instant access. Free updates.